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HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 (HIPAA)
Helpful Hints for Employers
Health plan sponsors and administrators must now prepare for the effective
dates of the various health care reform provisions. The following HIPAA road
map provides a comprehensive (although not exhaustive) list of actions that
should be considered and/or taken.
NEW RULES AND REGULATIONS
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1. Existing Qualified Beneficiaries must be notified of HIPAA'S COBRA related
changes by November 1, 1996.
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Effective for plan years after June 30, 1997, pre-existing condition limitation
periods cannot last longer than 12 months (18 due to late enrollment), and
must be reduced by prior creditable coverage under another group health plan.
Plans must provide proof of creditable coverage through a newly required
"Certificate of Coverage."
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Prior creditable coverage under another plan can be disregarded if an individual
goes without coverage for a period of 63 days or more.
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By October 1, 1996, plans must track coverage for compliance with the new
"Certificate of Coverage" requirements, which start June 1, 1997.
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Special enrollment periods for individuals and dependents have been created.
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An exercise tax has been created for HIPAA violations.
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Insurers cannot deny individuals policies as long as the individuals have
exhausted all other insurance coverage, including all COBRA coverage. The
net result: more people will elect COBRA.
Actions Required Prior to January 1, 1997
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Issue Model COBRA Notice to all qualified beneficiaries as of November 1,
1996;
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Amend all group health plans to take into account HIPAA COBRA modifications
-- e.g., relating to disabled individuals, newborn or newly adopted dependents;
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Revise COBRA Notices and SPDs to take into account HIPAA changes
Actions Required on or Before June 1, 1997
HIPAA's certification requirements become effective for all plans beginning
June 1, 1997. In addition, in order to take advantage of HIPAA's transitional
relief, HIPAA Notices must be distributed on or before June 1, 1997. The
following steps should be taken to ensure that these requirements are satisfied:
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Determine which health plans are subject to HIPAA's certification requirements
(generally all health coverage -- including health FSAs and EAP plans --
other than limited scope vision or dental benefits, long-term care benefits;
accident or disability benefits, specified disease, hospital indemnity and
Medicare Supplement benefits.)
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Assign responsibility for satisfying HIPAA's certification requirements -plan
sponsor, third party administrator, or insurer/HMO;
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Implement procedures to track and retain participant coverage information
back to July 1, 1996 necessary to satisfy HIPAA certification requirements,
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Implement procedures to track and retain dependent coverage information back
to July 1, 1996 necessary to satisfy HIPAA certification requirements;
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Ascertain all individuals who lost group health coverage on or after October
1, 1996, prepare a mailing list and mail the HIPAA Notice to such individuals
prior to June 1, 1997;
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Automatically issue HIPAA Certificates to anyone who terminates regular or
COBRA coverage on or after June 1, 1997 (Consider amending COBRA Notices
to include HIPAA information, but keep in mind that some individuals who
voluntarily terminate coverage may not be COBRA qualified beneficiaries);
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Respond to written requests for coverage information and issue HIPAA Certificates
to such individuals;
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Implement a procedure to respond to requests for coverage information from
other plans -- i.e., plans using the alternative mechanism for determining
creditable coverage -- beginning June 1, 1997.
Actions Required Before Plan's HIPAA Effective Date (First Plan Year On
or After July 1, 1997)
As discussed above, several plan design and administrative changes must be
considered and implemented prior to a plan's HIPAA effective date -- the
first plan year on or after July 1, 1997. These include the following:
Plan Design/Administrative Decisions
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Plan sponsors should determine which health plans are subject to HIPAA's
portability and pre-existing condition requirements;
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If the plan sponsor is a governmental entity, the costs and benefits associated
with opting out of HIPAA's portability requirements should be weighed, and
if decision is made to opt-out, necessary steps should be taken;
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All plan sponsors should weigh administrative costs associated with maintaining
pre-existing condition exclusions -- notification requirements, administrative
burden of determining reduction in pre-existing condition limitation for
prior creditable coverage, etc. --- and decide whether additional costs outweigh
ongoing benefit of such provision,
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All plan sponsors should consider increased potential for adverse selection
due to HIPAA's nondiscrimination requirements and consider potential plan
design changes to limit potential risk -- e.g., limit open enrollments, impose
or extend waiting period;
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Plan sponsors should confirm that any insurance coverage, HMO, stop loss
contracts will be revised to take into account HIPAA's requirements -e.g.,
in many cases, stop-loss contracts may contain coverage exclusions that are
not permitted in health plans under HIPAA,
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Plan sponsors that retain pre-existing condition exclusions should consider
whether to use the standard or alternative method for determining creditable
coverage (remember the regulations limit the potential benefit of the alternative
method, impose additional notice requirements, and impose the costs associated
with determining scope of prior coverage on requesting entity).
Plan Amendments
If a plan retains its pre-existing condition exclusion, the plan document
and SPD must be amended as follows:
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Plan definitions must be revised to take into account the HIPAA definitions
of pre-existing condition (including the six month look back limitation and
prohibition on applying pre-existing condition exclusions to: newborn or
newly adopted children who are enrolled within 30 days of the adoption or
birth; pregnancy; or genetic information in absence of treatment or diagnosis);
enrollment date (necessary to determine look back and look forward rules);
waiting period; late enrollee-, and creditable coverage (including the break
in coverage rules);
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The pre-existing condition exclusion must comply with HIPAA's duration
limitations (12 months generally or 18 months for late enrollee);
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Provisions must be added to implement reductions in the pre-existing condition
exclusion for a plan's waiting period and prior periods of creditable coverage.
If the alternative method of determining creditable coverage is utilized,
additional provisions must be included specifying how the reduction works;
Regardless of whether a plan retains its pre-existing condition limitation,
the following changes must be made:
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Underwriting, evidence of insurability (EOI), actively at work and no confinement
provisions must be examined and (in most cases) deleted -even for late enrollees;
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Wellness incentives and/or penalties should be reviewed and revised to ensure
compliance with HIPAA's nondiscrimination requirements;
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Exclusions (and penalties) relating to dangerous activities should be reviewed
to ensure compliance with HIPAA's nondiscrimination requirements;
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If a plan has limited enrollment periods, plan provisions must be added to
allow for special enrollments for newly acquired dependents and employees
and dependents who waived coverage because they were covered elsewhere, but
subsequently lost the other coverage;
New Administration and Disclosure Requirements
If a plan retains its pre-existing condition exclusion, the following additional
administration and disclosure obligations will arise:
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At the time of enrollment the participant must be made aware of the plan's
pre-existing condition exclusion limitations, how prior creditable coverage
offsets the pre-existing condition period, and the right to demonstrate prior
creditable coverage (including notification of the right to obtain a certificate
of prior coverage). This notice may be separate, or could possibly be combined
with an initial COBRA rights notification or SPD benefits summary. Failure
to provide this notice may result in forfeiture by the plan of the pre-existing
condition exclusion
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A mechanism must be put in place to receive prior HIPAA Certificates, reduce
any pre-existing condition exclusion period, and notify the participant of
the reduction in the pre-existing condition exclusion. If the alternative
mechanism is selected, the mechanism must be prominently displayed.
Regardless of whether a plan retains its pre-existing condition limitation,
the following administrative and disclosure obligations may arise:
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If a plan has limited enrollment periods, notice must be provided at the
time of enrollment describing the special enrollment rights. Presumably this
notice can be included as part of the enrollment form,
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The Plan SPD must be modified to include the new required information in
the ERISA rights statement and the information relating to insurers or insurance
service providers.
Actions Required By First Plan Year Beginning On or After January 1, 1998
The following changes are required as a result of NMHPA and the Mental Health
Parity Act
Plan Design/Administrative Decisions
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Consider redesigning mental health benefits to limit potential exposure -e.g.,
by placing limits on the number of days of care, imposing managed care
limitations, etc.
Plan Amendments
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Review and revise plan language to comply with new maternity stay requirements
and verify compliance by third parties -- e.g., utilization review firms;
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Ensure that Mental Health Parity requirements are satisfied -- e.g., by using
uniform cap for mental health and comprehensive health benefits (remember
substance abuse treatments are not subject to the mental health parity
requirements).
Notice/Disclosure Requirement
A memo describing the NMHPA and Mental Health Parity Act changes should be
issued on or before 60 days after the effective date of the acts.
Email gem@gemtpa.com
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